Jonathan Pollard - определение. Что такое Jonathan Pollard
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Что (кто) такое Jonathan Pollard - определение

U.S. CIVILIAN INTELLIGENCE ANALYST TURNED ISRAELI SPY
Jonathan Jay Pollard; Pollard, Jonathan; Pollard Affair
  • Spray-paint]] portrait of Pollard at the [[Mahane Yehuda Market]], Jerusalem

James Pollard         
ENGLISH PAINTER (1792-1867)
James pollard; Pollard, James
James Pollard (1792–1867) was a British painter noted for his mail coach, fox hunting and equine scenes.
Margaret Steuart Pollard         
ENGLISH SANSKRIT SCHOLAR AND CORNISH LANGUAGE POET
Bewnans Alysaryn; Peggy Pollard; Margaret Pollard
Margaret Steuart Pollard, née Gladstone (1 March 1904 – 13 November 1996), was a scholar of Sanskrit, a poet and bard of the Cornish language. She was the founding member of Ferguson's Gang, a secret society of supporters of the National Trust, who had their headquarters at Shalford Mill.
Pollard Banknote         
Pollard Banknote Ltd.; Pollard Banknote Limited
Pollard Banknote Income Fund () traces its roots back to 1907 to the Saults & Pollard commercial printing company in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. In the mid-1970s, the company made a move into security printing which entailed production of stamps, stocks, bonds and government documents.

Википедия

Jonathan Pollard

Jonathan Jay Pollard (born August 7, 1954) is a former intelligence analyst for the US government. In 1984, Pollard sold numerous closely guarded state secrets, including the National Security Agency's ten-volume manual on how the U.S. gathers its signal intelligence, and disclosed the names of thousands of people who had cooperated with U.S. intelligence agencies. He was apprehended in 1985, and in subsequent proceedings agreed to a plea deal, pleaded guilty to spying for and providing top-secret classified information to Israel. Pollard admitted shopping his services—successfully, in some cases—to other countries. In 1987, he was sentenced to life in prison for violations of the Espionage Act.

The Israeli government acknowledged a portion of its role in Pollard's espionage in 1987, and issued a formal apology to the U.S., but did not admit to paying him until 1998. Over the course of his imprisonment, Israeli officials, US-Israeli activist groups and some US politicians continually lobbied for a reduction or commutation of his sentence. In defense of his actions, Pollard said the American intelligence establishment collectively endangered Israel's security by withholding crucial information. Opposing any form of clemency were many active and retired U.S. officials, including Donald Rumsfeld, Dick Cheney, former CIA director George Tenet; several former U.S. Secretaries of Defense; a bi-partisan group of U.S. congressional leaders; and members of the U.S. intelligence community. They maintained that the damage to U.S. national security due to Pollard's espionage was far more severe, wide-ranging, and enduring than publicly acknowledged. Though Pollard argued that he only supplied Israel with information critical to its security, opponents stated that he had no way of knowing what the Israelis had received through legitimate exchanges, and that much of the data he compromised had nothing to do with Israeli security. Pollard revealed aspects of the U.S. intelligence gathering process, its "sources and methods". In 1995, while imprisoned, he was granted Israeli citizenship.

Pollard was released on November 20, 2015, in accordance with federal guidelines in place at the time of his sentencing. On November 20, 2020, his parole expired and all restrictions were removed. On December 30, 2020, Pollard and his second wife moved to Israel and settled in Jerusalem.

Примеры употребления для Jonathan Pollard
1. For years we have been waiting for Jonathan Pollard to be pardoned.
2. Jonathan Pollard should be released today for humanitarian and health reasons.
3. WASHINGTON There appear to be few legal options left for Jonathan Pollard.
4. The Israeli government, which has given Jonathan Pollard citizenship, has repeatedly called for his release.
5. Advertisement Jonathan Pollard was a civilian intelligence analyst for the U.S.